I heard Andre Dubus III speak at Wordstock yesterday and he was certainly a fascinating man, as intense and emotionally perceptive as his books indicate. Lots of things he said resonated with me as a writer, but one thing in particular resonated politically as well. Dubus was talking about his most recent book, Garden of Last Days, in which one of the characters is a 9/11 hijacker named Bassam. To bring the character of Bassam to life, Dubus spent five months “just reading” about fundamentalist Islam and terrorism, as well as reading the Koran all the wya through twice. He also interviewed many people from the Arab world. His conclusion about terrorism? There aren’t many terrorist out there, so we shouldn’t be nearly as scared of “Islamic terrorists” as we are. ON the other hand, those few terrorists that really are out there, are very scary people indeed.
When 9/11 happened, I jumped to what I guess is a standard liberal assumption that terrorism arises from poverty and desperation. Address these root causes and terrorism disappears. Trouble is, this pleasant, humane sounding theory doesn’t hold water. Almost all the 9/11 hijackers, and many other violent Islamic terrorists throughout the world, were well educated sons of middle to upper class families. They are not even necessarily from religious families. In many cases, their families were as horrified by their actions as we were. Poverty and desperation do breed anger and violence. They may increase sympathy for terrorist acts but they won’t make the average individual strap a bomb on their chest and blow themselves up. Nor will religion, per se. Most fundamentalists of any religious stripe are content to go privately about their business, raising their families, practicing their rituals, praying and debating arcane theological issues. NOr will ideology. Ideology leads to political, and sometimes violent action, even wars–but again, not suicide bombings.
The root of terrorism is something mysterious and deeper–call it psychopathy, call it man’s inherent capacity for evil.
The Bush administration’s actions in response to 9/11 have been so overreaching, foolish, and morally repulsive that it’s easy to forget that something profoundly evil happened that day, and that its perpetrators have gone unpunished. Maybe its too late to capture Osama Bin Laden and his associates. Maybe events have spiraled too far out of control. Maybe the United State’s hands are too dirty. I don’t know, but it still doesn’t seem right. It doesn’t seem like justice has been done.
What is clear is that combating these terrorist acts isn’t a matter of militarily attacking other countries and governments. NOr is it a matter of humanitarian aid, as valuable as that is. It is a matter for diplomacy, as the countries of the world need to work together to control the terrorists in their midst. And to some degree individual communities can reach out, through their schools, families, social agencies, whatever to try and prevent children from growing into terrorists, because it seems like almost anybody has some latent humanity that can be reached and tapped. I can’t help but believe that cohesive, caring communities leave less room for these type of aberrant and destructive individuals to fester. Once a terrorist act is committed, it becomes a matter of policing. Terrorists are criminals, and they should be prosecuted as such, and as individuals, not as representatives of a religion or ideology. There aren’t a whole lot of them around, but we don’t want those that are on the loose and unpunished.